HVAC Filter Types Compared: Which One Do You Need?

Not all HVAC filters are created equal. Understanding your options helps you make the right choice.

Understanding MERV Ratings

MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value) rates filter effectiveness: - MERV 1-4: Basic filtration - MERV 5-8: Better filtration - MERV 9-12: Good for allergies - MERV 13-16: Hospital-grade - MERV 17-20: HEPA

Higher isn't always better for home HVAC systems—read on.

Common Filter Types

Fiberglass Filters (MERV 1-4) **Pros:** - Cheapest option - Low airflow restriction - Protects equipment from large debris

**Cons:** - Minimal air quality improvement - Won't help with allergies

**Best for:** Basic equipment protection on a budget

Pleated Filters (MERV 5-13) **Pros:** - Good balance of filtration and airflow - Wide range of options - Reasonable cost

**Cons:** - Need regular replacement - Higher MERV needs more frequent changes

**Best for:** Most homes seeking improved air quality

Electrostatic Filters **Pros:** - Washable and reusable - Static charge attracts particles

**Cons:** - Require regular washing - Performance degrades if not maintained - Initial cost is higher

**Best for:** Homeowners committed to regular maintenance

HEPA Filters **Pros:** - Highest particle capture - Essential for serious allergies/asthma

**Cons:** - Too restrictive for most HVAC systems - Require bypass installation - Expensive

**Best for:** Dedicated air purification systems, not standard HVAC

Choosing the Right Filter

Consider Your System Check your owner's manual for maximum MERV rating. Using too restrictive a filter can: - Reduce airflow - Increase energy costs - Damage equipment

Consider Your Needs - Basic protection: MERV 4-6 - Allergy improvement: MERV 8-11 - Significant air quality concerns: MERV 12-13 (if system allows)

Consider Replacement Frequency Higher MERV filters clog faster. Factor in replacement cost and effort.